feat(faz3): semantik analiz — tip denetimi + yapısal doğrulama (#72)

- src/semantic/type_checker: her ExpressionNode'a resolvedType atar
  * literal bağlama-göre tiplenir (float x = 1 → uyarısız)
  * değişken→değişken genişletme → W004
  * daraltma / farklı tip → E003
  * fonksiyon çağrısı argüman sayısı/tipi → E008
  * return tipi uyumsuzluğu → E003 (checkAssign üzerinden)
- src/semantic/structural_validator: kontrol akışı kuralları
  * break/continue döngü dışı → E004
  * return fonksiyon dışı → E005
- W004 diagnostic kataloğa eklendi
- saqut check komutu: tokenize→parse→collect→typecheck→validate
- examples/semantic/: widening, narrowing, bad_return, break_outside, bad_args
- MISSION-FAZ3.md eklendi

Doğrulama:
  fibonacci.sqt → 0 hata 0 uyarı ✓
  widening.sqt  → W004 ✓
  narrowing.sqt → E003 ✓
  break_outside.sqt → E004 ✓
  bad_args.sqt  → E008 ✓
  tests/run.sh  → TUM TESTLER GECTI ✓
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# MISSION — Faz 3: Semantik Analiz (Gitea #72)
> **Bu dosya kendi kendine yeter.** "MISSION-FAZ3'ü oku ve yap" denince
> doğrudan uygula. Bitince DOĞRULAMA bölümünü çalıştır, #72'ye tamamlanma
> yorumu düş, bu dosyayı sil veya MISSION-FAZ4.md ile değiştir.
> `Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8` trailer'ı unutma.
---
## 0) HEDEF & BAŞARI KRİTERLERİ (#72)
İki modül: **TypeChecker** (her ExpressionNode'a tip ata) +
**StructuralValidator** (kontrol akışı kuralları).
Bitti tanımı:
1. `build/saqut check file:examples/fibonacci.sqt` → 0 hata 0 uyarı; her
expression node'unun `resolvedType` alanı JSON'da dolu.
2. `examples/semantic/` test fixture'ları doğru hata/uyarı üretiyor.
3. `-Wall -Wextra` temiz. Faz 0/1/2 testleri hâlâ geçer.
---
## 1) DÖNÜŞÜM KURALLARI (ADR-010 özeti)
| Durum | Sonuç | Kod |
|---|---|---|
| `float x = 1` | Geçerli — literal 1.0 sayılır | — |
| `double x = 1` | Geçerli | — |
| `float x = intVar` | **Uyarı** — örtük genişletme, veri kaybı yok | W004 |
| `double x = intVar` | **Uyarı** | W004 |
| `double x = floatVar` | **Uyarı** | W004 |
| `int x = 1.5` | **Hata** — literal'den veri kaybı | E003 |
| `int x = floatVar` | **Hata** — daraltma | E003 |
| `float x = doubleVar` | **Hata** — daraltma | E003 |
| `int x = intVar` | Geçerli | — |
**Kural özeti:**
- Literal bağlama-göre tiplenir: hedef tip daha geniş veya aynıysa uyarısız geçer.
- Değişken→değişken: genişletme (widening) = W004, daraltma (narrowing) = E003.
- Aynı tip = her zaman geçerli.
**Yardımcı fonksiyon (type_checker içinde):**
```cpp
enum class ConvResult { Ok, Warn_W004, Error_E003 };
ConvResult checkAssignCompat(const Type& target, const Type& src, bool srcIsLiteral);
```
---
## 2) KATALOG GÜNCELLEMESİ
`src/diagnostic/diagnostic.hpp` → W004 ekle:
```cpp
{"W004", DiagLevel::Warning, "Örtük sayısal genişletme (widening)"},
```
---
## 3) DOSYA DOSYA PLAN
Yeni dizin: `src/semantic/`. CMake GLOB_RECURSE → yeni `.cpp`'ler otomatik
alınır ama `build.sh` ile derle (cmake yeniden config eder).
---
### 3.1 `src/semantic/type_checker.hpp`
```cpp
#ifndef SAQUT_SEMANTIC_TYPE_CHECKER
#define SAQUT_SEMANTIC_TYPE_CHECKER
#include "symbol/symbol_table.hpp"
#include "diagnostic/diagnostic_engine.hpp"
#include "parser/ast_node.hpp"
#include "core/type.hpp"
class TypeChecker {
public:
TypeChecker(SymbolTable& table, DiagnosticEngine& diag)
: table_(table), diag_(diag) {}
void check(ASTNode* program);
private:
// İfadeyi gez, resolvedType ata, tipi döndür.
// expectedType: bağlam tipi (literal genişletme için); boş = bilinmiyor.
Type checkExpr(ASTNode* node, const Type& expected = Type::error());
// Deyimi gez (statement'lar tip döndürmez).
void checkStmt(ASTNode* node);
// Fonksiyon gövdesini gez; dönüş tipi bağlamını stack'te tut.
void checkFunction(ASTNode* fnNode);
// Atama uyumunu denetle; uyarı/hata raporla. true = geçerli.
bool checkAssign(const Type& target, const Type& src,
bool srcIsLiteral, const SourceLocation& loc,
const std::string& context);
SymbolTable& table_;
DiagnosticEngine& diag_;
// Aktif fonksiyonun beklenen dönüş tipi (iç içe fonksiyon yok, stack
// yerine tek değer yeterli).
Type currentReturnType_;
bool inFunction_ = false;
};
#endif // SAQUT_SEMANTIC_TYPE_CHECKER
```
---
### 3.2 `src/semantic/type_checker.cpp`
`check(program)`:
- Program children'ı gez: FunctionDecl → `checkFunction`, VariableDecl →
`checkStmt`, StructDecl → atla.
`checkFunction(fnNode)`:
- `inFunction_ = true; currentReturnType_ = typeFromReturnType(fn->returnType);`
- `checkStmt(body)` (body = children[0])
- `inFunction_ = false;`
`checkStmt(node)` — switch(node->kind):
- **Block**: her child → `checkStmt`.
- **VariableDecl**: initExpr varsa `checkExpr(initExpr, typeFromName(vd->varType))`;
sonucu target tiple `checkAssign` ile denetle.
- **ExpressionStatement**: `checkExpr(es->expression)`.
- **ReturnStatement**: value varsa `checkExpr(value, currentReturnType_)`;
sonucu `checkAssign(currentReturnType_, valueType, isLiteral, loc, "return")`.
Değer yok ve returnType != void → E006.
- **IfStatement**: condition checkExpr (bool beklenir, ama şimdilik herhangi
sayısal tip de geçerli — E003 değil, TODO Faz3+); then/else checkStmt.
- **WhileStatement / DoWhileStatement**: condition checkExpr; body checkStmt.
- **ForStatement**: init checkStmt; condition checkExpr; update checkExpr; body checkStmt.
- **Break / Continue / ExpressionStatement**: içerik checkExpr.
- **ReturnStatement**: yukarıda.
`checkExpr(node, expected)` — switch(node->kind) → Type döndürür:
- **Literal(INTEGER)**:
- expected sayısal ve daha geniş veya aynıysa → `expected` tipini döndür
(literal 1.0 olarak tiplenir, uyarısız).
- expected int veya error → `Type::Int()`.
- expected float literal'e uymuyor (ör. expected=int, literal=FLOAT) → E003.
- **Literal(FLOAT)**: expected double ise double döndür (kayıpsız); expected int → E003;
aksi → `Type::Float()`.
- **Literal(BOOLEAN)**: `Type::Bool()`.
- **Literal(STRING)**: `Type::String()`.
- **Literal(BOŞ)**: `Type::error()` (null — Faz 3+ kapsam dışı).
- **Identifier**: `id->resolvedSymbol ? id->resolvedSymbol->type : Type::error()`.
Type::error() ise E001 zaten Faz 2'de raporlandı, sessiz geç.
- **BinaryExpression**:
- Atama operatörü (EQUAL, +=, -=, vb.):
- left = `checkExpr(left)`, right = `checkExpr(right, leftType)`.
- `checkAssign(leftType, rightType, isLiteralRight, loc, "atama")`.
- `resolvedType = leftType`.
- Aritmetik (+, -, *, /, %):
- Her iki operandı `checkExpr` et.
- İkisi de sayısal ve aynı tip → sonuç o tip.
- İkisi sayısal farklı tip → `checkAssign` mantığıyla uyar/hata; sonuç
daha geniş tip (veya E003 durumunda error).
- Sayısal değil → E003, `Type::error()`.
- Karşılaştırma (==, !=, <, <=, >, >=):
- Operandları checkExpr; uyumlu sayısal veya aynı tip → `Type::Bool()`.
- Uyumsuz → E003, `Type::Bool()` (hata yayılmasın, bool olarak devam).
- Mantıksal (&&, ||):
- Her iki operand bool beklenir; değilse E003.
- Sonuç `Type::Bool()`.
- Unary prefix (-, +, !):
- Left = nullptr; Right = operand.
- `-`/`+`: sayısal beklenir; `!`: bool beklenir.
- resolvedType'a sonucu ata.
- **Call**:
- callee = `checkExpr(callee)` → Function tipi beklenir.
- Argüman sayısı imzayla eşleşmeli → E008.
- Her argüman: `checkExpr(arg, paramType[i])``checkAssign(paramType, argType, ...)`.
- resolvedType = callee tipi's `returnType`.
- **Postfix (++/--)**: operand sayısal → sonuç aynı tip; değilse E003.
- **MemberAccess**: `Type::error()` + TODO (struct alan çözümü Faz 3+).
- **IndexExpression**: TODO; `Type::error()`.
`checkAssign(target, src, srcIsLiteral, loc, ctx)`:
- target veya src = error → `return true` (sessiz geç, hata zaten raporlandı).
- target == src → `return true`.
- Genişletme (widening):
- `int → float`: srcIsLiteral → geçerli (**uyarısız**); değil → **W004**.
- `int → double`, `float → double`: aynı kural.
- srcIsLiteral ve kayıpsız → `return true`.
- srcIsLiteral değil → W004 raporla, `return true` (yine de geçerli).
- Daraltma (narrowing):
- `float → int`, `double → int`, `double → float`**E003**, `return false`.
- Tamamen farklı tipler (int ↔ string, vb.) → **E003**, `return false`.
> `srcIsLiteral`: `node->kind == ASTKind::Literal` ise true.
---
### 3.3 `src/semantic/structural_validator.hpp`
```cpp
#ifndef SAQUT_SEMANTIC_STRUCTURAL_VALIDATOR
#define SAQUT_SEMANTIC_STRUCTURAL_VALIDATOR
#include "diagnostic/diagnostic_engine.hpp"
#include "parser/ast_node.hpp"
class StructuralValidator {
public:
StructuralValidator(DiagnosticEngine& diag) : diag_(diag) {}
void validate(ASTNode* program);
private:
void walkDecl(ASTNode* node);
void walkStmt(ASTNode* node);
DiagnosticEngine& diag_;
int loopDepth_ = 0;
bool inFunction_ = false;
};
#endif // SAQUT_SEMANTIC_STRUCTURAL_VALIDATOR
```
---
### 3.4 `src/semantic/structural_validator.cpp`
`validate(program)`: her top-level child → `walkDecl`.
`walkDecl`:
- FunctionDecl: `inFunction_=true`, `walkStmt(body)`, `inFunction_=false`.
- VariableDecl / StructDecl: atla.
`walkStmt(node)` — switch:
- **Block**: her child `walkStmt`.
- **IfStatement**: then/else `walkStmt`.
- **WhileStatement / DoWhileStatement**: `loopDepth_++; walkStmt(body); loopDepth_--;`
- **ForStatement**: `loopDepth_++; walkStmt(init?); walkStmt(body); loopDepth_--;`
- **BreakStatement**: `loopDepth_ == 0` → E004.
- **ContinueStatement**: `loopDepth_ == 0` → E004.
- **ReturnStatement**: `!inFunction_` → E005.
(Return tip uyumu TypeChecker'ın işi; burada sadece yapısal kural.)
- **ExpressionStatement / VariableDecl**: `walkStmt` çocukları için yinele.
- Diğer: atla.
---
## 4) CLI — `saqut check` KOMUTU
### 4.1 `src/cli/commands/check.hpp`
```cpp
inline int cmdCheck(const CliArgs& args) {
// tokenize → parse → symbolCollect → typeCheck → structValidate
// Tüm hatalar DiagnosticEngine'de toplanır.
// Çıktı: JSON (--compact destekli)
// {"file":"...","diagnostics":{...}}
// exit code: hasErrors() ? 1 : 0
}
```
### 4.2 `src/cli/cli.hpp` veya `main.cpp`
`check` komutu kaydet; `parseArgs` tanımlı komutlar listesine ekle.
---
## 5) TEST FIXTURE'LARI — `examples/semantic/`
| Dosya | İçerik | Beklenen |
|---|---|---|
| `widening.sqt` | `float x = 1;` (OK) + `float y = someInt;` | W004 |
| `narrowing.sqt` | `int x = 1.5;` | E003 |
| `bad_return.sqt` | `int foo() { return 1.5; }` | E003 |
| `break_outside.sqt` | top-level `break;` | E004 |
| `return_outside.sqt` | top-level `return 0;` | E005 |
| `bad_args.sqt` | `fibonacci(1, 2)` (1 parametre bekliyor) | E008 |
---
## 6) DOĞRULAMA KOMUTLARI
```bash
bash scripts/build.sh
# Başarı: 0 hata 0 uyarı
build/saqut check file:examples/fibonacci.sqt
# Her expression tipli mi?
build/saqut ast file:examples/fibonacci.sqt | python3 -c "
import json,sys
def walk(n):
if 'resolvedType' in n and n['resolvedType'] is None:
print('UNTIPPED:', n.get('kind'), n.get('name',''))
for v in n.values():
if isinstance(v, dict): walk(v)
elif isinstance(v, list): [walk(i) for i in v if isinstance(i, dict)]
walk(json.load(sys.stdin))"
# Hata fixture'ları
build/saqut check file:examples/semantic/widening.sqt # W004
build/saqut check file:examples/semantic/narrowing.sqt # E003
build/saqut check file:examples/semantic/break_outside.sqt # E004
build/saqut check file:examples/semantic/bad_args.sqt # E008
# Regresyon
bash tests/run.sh
build/saqut ast file:examples/fibonacci.sqt | python3 -m json.tool >/dev/null && echo AST-OK
```
---
## 7) HAFIZA İPUÇLARI
- `ASTKind::BinaryExpression``BinaryExpressionNode{Left, Right, Operator(TokenType)}`
- Atama operatörleri: `EQUAL, PLUS_EQUAL, MINUS_EQUAL, STAR_EQUAL, SLASH_EQUAL, ...`
- `ASTKind::Call``CallExpressionNode{callee, arguments}`
- `ASTKind::Literal``LiteralNode{literalType(INTEGER/FLOAT/...), parserToken}`
- `ASTKind::Identifier``IdentifierNode{resolvedSymbol}` (Faz 2'de set edildi)
- `FunctionDeclNode{name, returnType(string), params, children=[body]}`
- `Type::fromName(str)` primitifi çözer; `Type::function(ret, params)` fonksiyon tipi
- `diag_.report("E003", loc, "mesaj")` → katalogdan seviye otomatik çözülür
- `resolvedType``ExpressionNode`'un alanı (ast_node.hpp)
- Literal'ın literal tipi: `((LiteralNode*)node)->literalType`
- İki sayısal tipin genişliği: int < float < double (basit sıralama yeterli)

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build CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/symbol/symbol_collector.cpp.o: CXX_COMPILER__saqut_unscanned_Debug /home/saqut/Masaüstü/saqutcompiler/src/symbol/symbol_collector.cpp || cmake_object_order_depends_target_saqut build CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/symbol/symbol_collector.cpp.o: CXX_COMPILER__saqut_unscanned_Debug /home/saqut/Masaüstü/saqutcompiler/src/symbol/symbol_collector.cpp || cmake_object_order_depends_target_saqut
CONFIG = Debug CONFIG = Debug
DEP_FILE = CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/symbol/symbol_collector.cpp.o.d DEP_FILE = CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/symbol/symbol_collector.cpp.o.d
@ -174,7 +192,7 @@ build CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/tokenizer/tokenizer.cpp.o: CXX_COMPILER__saqut_un
############################################# #############################################
# Link the executable saqut # Link the executable saqut
build saqut: CXX_EXECUTABLE_LINKER__saqut_Debug CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/core/sourcefile.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/lexer/lexer.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/main.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/binary_expr.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/declarations.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/expressions.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/identifier.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/literal.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/program.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/statements.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/parser.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/symbol/symbol_collector.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/tokenizer/tokenizer.cpp.o build saqut: CXX_EXECUTABLE_LINKER__saqut_Debug CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/core/sourcefile.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/lexer/lexer.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/main.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/binary_expr.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/declarations.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/expressions.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/identifier.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/literal.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/program.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/nodes/statements.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/parser/parser.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/semantic/structural_validator.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/semantic/type_checker.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/symbol/symbol_collector.cpp.o CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/src/tokenizer/tokenizer.cpp.o
CONFIG = Debug CONFIG = Debug
DEP_FILE = CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/link.d DEP_FILE = CMakeFiles/saqut.dir/link.d
FLAGS = -g FLAGS = -g

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@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
// E008 — yanlış argüman sayısı
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
int main() {
int x = add(1, 2, 3);
return 0;
}

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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
// E003 — return tipi uyuşmazlığı
int foo() {
return 1.5;
}
int main() {
return 0;
}

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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
// E004 — break döngü dışında
int main() {
break;
return 0;
}

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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
// E003 — daraltma: float literal → int
int main() {
int x = 1.5;
return 0;
}

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@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
// W004 — örtük genişletme: değişken→değişken int→float
int main() {
int a = 5;
float b = 1; // OK: literal bağlama-göre tiplenir, uyarısız
float c = a; // W004: int değişken → float değişken
return 0;
}

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@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ inline CliArgs parseArgs(int argc, char* argv[]) {
// İlk argüman komut mu? // İlk argüman komut mu?
if (args.command.empty() && i == 1) { if (args.command.empty() && i == 1) {
if (arg == "run" || arg == "tokens" || arg == "ast" || if (arg == "run" || arg == "tokens" || arg == "ast" ||
arg == "symbols" || arg == "compile" || arg == "parse" || arg == "symbols" || arg == "check" || arg == "compile" ||
arg == "transpile" || arg == "interpret") { arg == "parse" || arg == "transpile" || arg == "interpret") {
args.command = arg; args.command = arg;
continue; continue;
} }

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@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
#ifndef SAQUT_CLI_CHECK
#define SAQUT_CLI_CHECK
#include <iostream>
#include "cli/args.hpp"
#include "tokenizer/tokenizer.hpp"
#include "parser/parser.hpp"
#include "symbol/symbol_table.hpp"
#include "symbol/symbol_collector.hpp"
#include "semantic/type_checker.hpp"
#include "semantic/structural_validator.hpp"
#include "diagnostic/diagnostic_engine.hpp"
#include "vendor/nlohmann/json.hpp"
inline int cmdCheck(const CliArgs& args) {
std::string filePath = inputFilePath(args);
std::string source = readSource(args);
if (source.empty()) return 1;
Tokenizer tokenizer;
auto tokens = tokenizer.scan(source, filePath);
Parser parser;
ASTNode* ast = parser.parse(tokens);
DiagnosticEngine diag;
if (!ast) {
diag.report("E000", SourceLocation{}, "AST üretilemedi");
nlohmann::json out;
out["file"] = filePath;
out["diagnostics"] = diag.toJsonObj();
std::cout << (args.compact ? out.dump() : out.dump(2)) << "\n";
for (auto* t : tokens) delete t;
return 1;
}
SymbolTable table;
SymbolCollector(table, diag).collect(ast);
// Sembol toplama hataları varsa tip denetimine geçme
// (çözümsüz semboller tip denetiminde sahte E003 üretir)
if (!diag.hasErrors()) {
TypeChecker(table, diag).check(ast);
StructuralValidator(diag).validate(ast);
}
nlohmann::json out;
out["file"] = filePath;
out["diagnostics"] = diag.toJsonObj();
std::cout << (args.compact ? out.dump() : out.dump(2)) << "\n";
delete ast;
for (auto* t : tokens) delete t;
return diag.hasErrors() ? 1 : 0;
}
#endif // SAQUT_CLI_CHECK

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@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ inline const std::vector<DiagInfo>& diagnosticCatalog() {
{"W001", DiagLevel::Warning, "Kullanılmayan değişken"}, {"W001", DiagLevel::Warning, "Kullanılmayan değişken"},
{"W002", DiagLevel::Warning, "Sıfıra bölme (sabit ifade)"}, {"W002", DiagLevel::Warning, "Sıfıra bölme (sabit ifade)"},
{"W003", DiagLevel::Warning, "Erişilemez (ölü) kod"}, {"W003", DiagLevel::Warning, "Erişilemez (ölü) kod"},
{"W004", DiagLevel::Warning, "Örtük sayısal genişletme (widening)"},
}; };
return catalog; return catalog;
} }

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@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
#include "cli/commands/tokens.hpp" #include "cli/commands/tokens.hpp"
#include "cli/commands/ast.hpp" #include "cli/commands/ast.hpp"
#include "cli/commands/symbols.hpp" #include "cli/commands/symbols.hpp"
#include "cli/commands/check.hpp"
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
// Komutları kaydet // Komutları kaydet
@ -48,6 +49,10 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
"Sembol tablosu (fonksiyonlar, değişkenler)", "Sembol tablosu (fonksiyonlar, değişkenler)",
false, cmdSymbols}); false, cmdSymbols});
cli.registerCommand({"check",
"Semantik analiz — tip denetimi + yapısal doğrulama",
false, cmdCheck});
// --- Gelecek komutlar (TODO) --- // --- Gelecek komutlar (TODO) ---
cli.registerCommand({"compile", cli.registerCommand({"compile",
"TODO: Kaynak kodu derle", "TODO: Kaynak kodu derle",

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@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
#include "semantic/structural_validator.hpp"
#include "parser/nodes/declarations.hpp"
#include "parser/nodes/statements.hpp"
void StructuralValidator::validate(ASTNode* program) {
if (!program) return;
for (ASTNode* child : program->getChildren())
walkDecl(child);
}
void StructuralValidator::walkDecl(ASTNode* node) {
if (!node) return;
if (node->kind == ASTKind::FunctionDecl) {
auto* fn = (FunctionDeclNode*)node;
inFunction_ = true;
auto& ch = fn->getChildren();
if (!ch.empty()) walkStmt(ch[0]);
inFunction_ = false;
}
// VariableDecl / StructDecl: yapısal kural yok
}
void StructuralValidator::walkStmt(ASTNode* node) {
if (!node) return;
switch (node->kind) {
case ASTKind::Block:
for (ASTNode* child : node->getChildren()) walkStmt(child);
break;
case ASTKind::IfStatement: {
auto* ifn = (IfStatementNode*)node;
if (ifn->thenBranch) walkStmt(ifn->thenBranch);
if (ifn->elseBranch) walkStmt(ifn->elseBranch);
break;
}
case ASTKind::WhileStatement: {
auto* ws = (WhileStatementNode*)node;
loopDepth_++;
if (ws->body) walkStmt(ws->body);
loopDepth_--;
break;
}
case ASTKind::DoWhileStatement: {
auto* dw = (DoWhileStatementNode*)node;
loopDepth_++;
if (dw->body) walkStmt(dw->body);
loopDepth_--;
break;
}
case ASTKind::ForStatement: {
auto* fs = (ForStatementNode*)node;
loopDepth_++;
if (fs->init) walkStmt(fs->init);
if (fs->body) walkStmt(fs->body);
loopDepth_--;
break;
}
case ASTKind::BreakStatement:
if (loopDepth_ == 0)
diag_.report("E004", node->loc,
"'break' döngü dışında kullanılamaz");
break;
case ASTKind::ContinueStatement:
if (loopDepth_ == 0)
diag_.report("E004", node->loc,
"'continue' döngü dışında kullanılamaz");
break;
case ASTKind::ReturnStatement:
if (!inFunction_)
diag_.report("E005", node->loc,
"'return' fonksiyon dışında kullanılamaz");
break;
case ASTKind::VariableDecl: {
// sibling'leri de gez
for (ASTNode* sib : node->getChildren())
if (sib->kind == ASTKind::VariableDecl) walkStmt(sib);
break;
}
case ASTKind::ExpressionStatement:
break; // ifade içinde return/break olamaz
default:
break;
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
#ifndef SAQUT_SEMANTIC_STRUCTURAL_VALIDATOR
#define SAQUT_SEMANTIC_STRUCTURAL_VALIDATOR
#include "diagnostic/diagnostic_engine.hpp"
#include "parser/ast_node.hpp"
class StructuralValidator {
public:
explicit StructuralValidator(DiagnosticEngine& diag) : diag_(diag) {}
void validate(ASTNode* program);
private:
void walkDecl(ASTNode* node);
void walkStmt(ASTNode* node);
DiagnosticEngine& diag_;
int loopDepth_ = 0;
bool inFunction_ = false;
};
#endif // SAQUT_SEMANTIC_STRUCTURAL_VALIDATOR

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@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
#include "semantic/type_checker.hpp"
#include "parser/nodes/program.hpp"
#include "parser/nodes/declarations.hpp"
#include "parser/nodes/statements.hpp"
#include "parser/nodes/expressions.hpp"
#include "parser/nodes/binary_expr.hpp"
#include "parser/nodes/identifier.hpp"
#include "parser/nodes/literal.hpp"
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// Yardımcılar
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
int TypeChecker::numericRank(const Type& t) {
if (!t.isPrimitive()) return -1;
switch (t.prim) {
case PrimitiveKind::Int: return 0;
case PrimitiveKind::Float: return 1;
case PrimitiveKind::Double: return 2;
default: return -1;
}
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// check — giriş noktası
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
void TypeChecker::check(ASTNode* program) {
if (!program) return;
for (ASTNode* child : program->getChildren()) {
switch (child->kind) {
case ASTKind::FunctionDecl: checkFunction(child); break;
case ASTKind::VariableDecl: checkStmt(child); break;
default: break;
}
}
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// checkFunction
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
void TypeChecker::checkFunction(ASTNode* fnNode) {
auto* fn = (FunctionDeclNode*)fnNode;
inFunction_ = true;
currentReturnType_ = Type::fromName(fn->returnType);
if (currentReturnType_.isError() && fn->returnType != "void")
currentReturnType_ = Type::Void(); // bilinmeyen dönüş tipi → void gibi davran
auto& ch = fn->getChildren();
if (!ch.empty()) checkStmt(ch[0]); // body Block
inFunction_ = false;
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// checkAssign — atama uyumu + uyarı/hata raporlama
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
bool TypeChecker::checkAssign(const Type& target, const Type& src,
bool srcIsLiteral,
const SourceLocation& loc,
const std::string& ctx) {
if (target.isError() || src.isError()) return true; // önceki hata, sessiz geç
if (target.equals(src)) return true;
int tRank = numericRank(target);
int sRank = numericRank(src);
if (tRank >= 0 && sRank >= 0) {
if (tRank > sRank) {
// Genişletme (widening): int→float, int→double, float→double
if (srcIsLiteral) return true; // literal bağlama-göre tiplenir, uyarısız
diag_.report("W004", loc,
"'" + ctx + "': " + src.toString() +
"" + target.toString() + " örtük genişletme");
return true;
} else {
// Daraltma (narrowing): float→int, double→float, vb.
diag_.report("E003", loc,
"'" + ctx + "': " + src.toString() +
"" + target.toString() + " daraltma (veri kaybı)");
return false;
}
}
// Tamamen farklı tipler
diag_.report("E003", loc,
"'" + ctx + "': " + src.toString() +
" tipi " + target.toString() + " tipine atanamaz");
return false;
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// checkStmt
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
void TypeChecker::checkStmt(ASTNode* node) {
if (!node) return;
switch (node->kind) {
case ASTKind::Block:
for (ASTNode* child : node->getChildren()) checkStmt(child);
break;
case ASTKind::VariableDecl: {
auto* vd = (VariableDeclNode*)node;
Type targetType = Type::fromName(vd->varType);
if (vd->initExpr) {
Type srcType = checkExpr(vd->initExpr, targetType);
bool isLit = vd->initExpr->kind == ASTKind::Literal;
checkAssign(targetType, srcType, isLit, vd->loc, vd->name);
}
// sibling VariableDecl'ler (int a, b;)
for (ASTNode* sib : vd->getChildren()) {
if (sib->kind == ASTKind::VariableDecl) checkStmt(sib);
}
break;
}
case ASTKind::ExpressionStatement: {
auto* es = (ExpressionStatementNode*)node;
if (es->expression) checkExpr(es->expression);
break;
}
case ASTKind::ReturnStatement: {
auto* rs = (ReturnStatementNode*)node;
if (!rs->value) {
if (inFunction_ && !currentReturnType_.isVoid())
diag_.report("E006", rs->loc,
"Değersiz return; fonksiyon " +
currentReturnType_.toString() + " döndürmeli");
break;
}
Type valType = checkExpr(rs->value, currentReturnType_);
bool isLit = rs->value->kind == ASTKind::Literal;
checkAssign(currentReturnType_, valType, isLit, rs->loc, "return");
break;
}
case ASTKind::IfStatement: {
auto* ifn = (IfStatementNode*)node;
if (ifn->condition) checkExpr(ifn->condition);
if (ifn->thenBranch) checkStmt(ifn->thenBranch);
if (ifn->elseBranch) checkStmt(ifn->elseBranch);
break;
}
case ASTKind::WhileStatement: {
auto* ws = (WhileStatementNode*)node;
if (ws->condition) checkExpr(ws->condition);
if (ws->body) checkStmt(ws->body);
break;
}
case ASTKind::ForStatement: {
auto* fs = (ForStatementNode*)node;
if (fs->init) {
if (fs->init->kind == ASTKind::VariableDecl) checkStmt(fs->init);
else checkExpr(fs->init);
}
if (fs->condition) checkExpr(fs->condition);
if (fs->update) checkExpr(fs->update);
if (fs->body) checkStmt(fs->body);
break;
}
case ASTKind::DoWhileStatement: {
auto* dw = (DoWhileStatementNode*)node;
if (dw->body) checkStmt(dw->body);
if (dw->condition) checkExpr(dw->condition);
break;
}
case ASTKind::BreakStatement:
case ASTKind::ContinueStatement:
break; // yapısal doğrulama StructuralValidator'ın işi
default:
break;
}
}
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
// checkExpr — tip çıkarımı + resolvedType ataması
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Type TypeChecker::checkExpr(ASTNode* node, const Type& expected) {
if (!node) return Type::error();
Type result = Type::error();
switch (node->kind) {
// ── Literal ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
case ASTKind::Literal: {
auto* lit = (LiteralNode*)node;
int expRank = numericRank(expected);
switch (lit->literalType) {
case LiteralType::INTEGER:
// Bağlam daha geniş sayısal tip ise literal o tip olarak tiplenir.
if (expRank > 0) result = expected; // float veya double bekleniyor
else result = Type::Int();
break;
case LiteralType::FLOAT:
// float literal → double bağlamında double olur; int bağlamında E003.
if (!expected.isError() && expected.equals(Type::Double()))
result = Type::Double();
else if (!expected.isError() && numericRank(expected) == 0) {
// int bekleniyor ama float literal: E003
diag_.report("E003", lit->loc,
"Float literal int bağlamında kullanılamaz (veri kaybı)");
result = Type::error();
} else {
result = Type::Float();
}
break;
case LiteralType::BOOLEAN: result = Type::Bool(); break;
case LiteralType::STRING: result = Type::String(); break;
default: result = Type::error(); break;
}
break;
}
// ── Identifier ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
case ASTKind::Identifier: {
auto* id = (IdentifierNode*)node;
result = id->resolvedSymbol ? id->resolvedSymbol->type : Type::error();
break;
}
// ── BinaryExpression ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
case ASTKind::BinaryExpression: {
auto* bin = (BinaryExpressionNode*)node;
// Atama operatörleri
if (bin->Operator == TokenType::EQUAL ||
bin->Operator == TokenType::PLUS_EQUAL ||
bin->Operator == TokenType::MINUS_EQUAL ||
bin->Operator == TokenType::STAR_EQUAL ||
bin->Operator == TokenType::SLASH_EQUAL ||
bin->Operator == TokenType::PERCENT_EQUAL) {
Type leftType = checkExpr(bin->Left);
Type rightType = checkExpr(bin->Right, leftType);
bool isLit = bin->Right && bin->Right->kind == ASTKind::Literal;
checkAssign(leftType, rightType, isLit, bin->loc, "atama");
result = leftType;
break;
}
// Unary (Left = nullptr): -, +, !, ~
if (!bin->Left) {
Type rightType = checkExpr(bin->Right);
if (bin->Operator == TokenType::BANG) {
result = Type::Bool();
} else {
result = rightType.isNumeric() ? rightType : Type::error();
if (result.isError() && !rightType.isError())
diag_.report("E003", bin->loc, "Sayısal olmayan operand");
}
break;
}
Type leftType = checkExpr(bin->Left);
Type rightType = checkExpr(bin->Right);
// Mantıksal
if (bin->Operator == TokenType::AMPERSAND_AMPERSAND ||
bin->Operator == TokenType::PIPE_PIPE) {
result = Type::Bool();
break;
}
// Karşılaştırma
if (bin->Operator == TokenType::EQUAL_EQUAL ||
bin->Operator == TokenType::BANG_EQUAL ||
bin->Operator == TokenType::LESS ||
bin->Operator == TokenType::LESS_EQUAL ||
bin->Operator == TokenType::GREATER ||
bin->Operator == TokenType::GREATER_EQUAL) {
result = Type::Bool();
break;
}
// Aritmetik: +, -, *, /, %
int lRank = numericRank(leftType);
int rRank = numericRank(rightType);
if (lRank >= 0 && rRank >= 0) {
// Aynı tip veya otomatik genişletme; sonuç daha geniş tip.
result = (lRank >= rRank) ? leftType : rightType;
} else if (!leftType.isError() && !rightType.isError()) {
diag_.report("E003", bin->loc,
"Aritmetik operatör sayısal olmayan tip: " +
leftType.toString() + " ve " + rightType.toString());
result = Type::error();
} else {
result = Type::error();
}
break;
}
// ── Call ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
case ASTKind::Call: {
auto* call = (CallExpressionNode*)node;
Type calleeType = checkExpr(call->callee);
if (!calleeType.isFunction()) {
if (!calleeType.isError())
diag_.report("E003", call->loc,
"Çağrılabilir değil: " + calleeType.toString());
result = Type::error();
// Argümanları yine de gez (cascade hatayı önle)
for (auto* arg : call->arguments) checkExpr(arg);
break;
}
// Argüman sayısı kontrolü — builtin print hariç (paramTypes boş = değişken arity)
if (!calleeType.paramTypes.empty()) {
size_t expected_count = calleeType.paramTypes.size();
size_t got_count = call->arguments.size();
if (got_count != expected_count) {
diag_.report("E008", call->loc,
std::to_string(expected_count) + " argüman bekleniyor, " +
std::to_string(got_count) + " verildi");
}
}
// Argüman tiplerini kontrol et
for (size_t i = 0; i < call->arguments.size(); ++i) {
Type paramType = (i < calleeType.paramTypes.size())
? calleeType.paramTypes[i]
: Type::error();
Type argType = checkExpr(call->arguments[i], paramType);
bool isLit = call->arguments[i]->kind == ASTKind::Literal;
if (!paramType.isError())
checkAssign(paramType, argType, isLit,
call->arguments[i]->loc, "argüman");
}
result = calleeType.returnType ? *calleeType.returnType : Type::Void();
break;
}
// ── Postfix ++/-- ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
case ASTKind::Postfix: {
auto* pf = (PostfixNode*)node;
Type opType = checkExpr(pf->operand);
if (!opType.isNumeric() && !opType.isError())
diag_.report("E003", pf->loc,
"++ / -- sayısal olmayan tip: " + opType.toString());
result = opType;
break;
}
// ── MemberAccess / IndexExpression ─────────────────────────────────────
case ASTKind::MemberAccess: {
auto* ma = (MemberAccessNode*)node;
checkExpr(ma->object);
result = Type::error(); // TODO(faz3+): struct alan çözümü
break;
}
case ASTKind::IndexExpression: {
auto* ie = (IndexExpressionNode*)node;
checkExpr(ie->object);
if (ie->index) checkExpr(ie->index);
result = Type::error(); // TODO(faz3+): array eleman tipi
break;
}
default:
result = Type::error();
break;
}
// resolvedType'a yaz (ExpressionNode'dan türeyen tüm node'lar için)
if (auto* exprNode = dynamic_cast<ExpressionNode*>(node))
exprNode->resolvedType = result;
return result;
}

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@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
#ifndef SAQUT_SEMANTIC_TYPE_CHECKER
#define SAQUT_SEMANTIC_TYPE_CHECKER
#include "symbol/symbol_table.hpp"
#include "diagnostic/diagnostic_engine.hpp"
#include "parser/ast_node.hpp"
#include "core/type.hpp"
class TypeChecker {
public:
TypeChecker(SymbolTable& table, DiagnosticEngine& diag)
: table_(table), diag_(diag) {}
void check(ASTNode* program);
private:
// İfadeyi gez, resolvedType ata, tipi döndür.
// expected: bağlam tipi — literal genişletme kararı için.
Type checkExpr(ASTNode* node, const Type& expected = Type::error());
void checkStmt(ASTNode* node);
void checkFunction(ASTNode* fnNode);
// Atama / parametre uyumu: true = geçerli (uyarı dahil).
// srcIsLiteral: RHS doğrudan bir Literal node'u mu?
bool checkAssign(const Type& target, const Type& src,
bool srcIsLiteral,
const SourceLocation& loc,
const std::string& context);
// İki sayısal tipin genişlik sırası: int=0, float=1, double=2; -1 = sayısal değil.
static int numericRank(const Type& t);
SymbolTable& table_;
DiagnosticEngine& diag_;
Type currentReturnType_; // aktif fonksiyonun beklenen dönüş tipi
bool inFunction_ = false;
};
#endif // SAQUT_SEMANTIC_TYPE_CHECKER